Relationship of glymphatic dysfunction and frontothalamic structure with cognitive impairment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Résumé

Cognitive deficits constitute a core feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet their underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigates the tripartite relationship among glymphatic function, gray matter volume (GMV), and cognitive deficits in pediatric ADHD. We enrolled 159 children with ADHD and 163 typically developing controls. All participants underwent cognitive assessments and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We analyzed group differences in cognitive performance, GMV, and glymphatic function. Exploratory mediation analyses using a regression-based approach (PROCESS) were used to examine the relationships between these variables. Children with ADHD showed significant impairment in sustained attention and emotional regulation (P